续元帅-冷水有多可怕

[john8848]

低体温症（英语：Hypothermia）亦称低温症、失温症，是生物体温降到正常新陈代谢和生理机能所需温度以下的症状。对恒温动物来说，核心体温通常通过生物体内平衡被维持在一个恒定的水平上。但是，当身体暴露在寒冷的环境中时，这种内部机制可能无法再补充散失在环境中的热量，从而造成低体温症。

人体的正常体温是36.5–37.5 °C（97.7–99.5 °F）。低体温症根据其严重程度可分为三期。
第一期
体温降至比正常体温低1-2 °C（1.8-3.6 °F）。在这一阶段，人体会产生颤抖，双手麻木，无法完成复杂动作。远端肢体血管收缩，以减少热量散失。呼吸快而浅。皮肤上出现“鸡皮疙瘩”，尝试使毛发竖立起来形成隔热层（人体由于毛发不足，这一反应作用有限，但是在其他物种中作用较大）。病人可能感觉疲劳和腹部疼痛。病人会有温暖的感觉，但事实上这是低体温症发展到第二期的信号。一种测试病程向第二期发展程度的方法是病人能否使拇指和小指接触，这是肌肉停止工作的第一阶段。病人可能会有视力困难。
第二期
体温降至比正常体温低2-4 °C（3.8-7.6 °F）。颤抖更猛烈。肌肉不协调更明显。行动更迟缓、困难，伴有步伐跌跌撞撞、方向混乱，尽管病人可能保持警觉。浅层血管继续收缩，以保持重要器官的温度。病人面色苍白，唇、耳、手指和脚趾可能变蓝。
第三期
体温降至大约32 °C（89.6 °F）以下。颤抖通常已停止。语言有困难，思维迟钝，记忆开始出现问题。通常手已经不能使用，行走经常跌倒。细胞新陈代谢停止。体温降至30 °C（86.0 °F）以下时，暴露的皮肤变蓝、涨大，肌肉协调能力几乎完全丧失，行走几乎不可能，语无伦次、行动毫无理性（包括可能尝试钻进洞里），甚至昏迷。脉搏和呼吸显著减慢，但是可能发生心率过快（心室性心搏过速和心房纤维性颤动）。主要器官停止工作，宣告临床死亡。由于细胞活动降低，一段时间之后脑死亡才会发生。

A water temperature of 10 °C can lead to death in as little as one hour, and water temperatures near freezing can cause death in as little as 15 minutes. A notable example of this occurred during the sinking of the Titanic, when most people who entered the −2 °C water died within 15–30 minutes.

[边走边钓]

很受教育，那天大朴真的是命大福大啊。那天水温才13度左右。

[ice2010]

很受教育，那天大朴真的是命大福大啊。那天水温才13度左右。

我大学游冬泳的，在0度的水温下我可以游200米。大部人人可以在-2度的水温下呆15-30分钟。10度的水温下呆1小时。详细的请阅读下边（摘自wiki: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothermia）：

Water immersion
Hypothermia continues to be a major limitation to swimming or diving in cold water.[14] The reduction in finger dexterity due to pain or numbness decreases general safety and work capacity, which consequently increases the risk of other injuries.[14][16]

Other factors predisposing to immersion hypothermia include dehydration, inadequate rewarming between repetitive dives, starting a dive while wearing cold, wet dry suit undergarments, sweating with work, inadequate thermal insulation (for example, thin dry suit undergarment), and poor physical conditioning.[14]

Heat is lost much more quickly in water[14] than in air. Thus, water temperatures that would be quite reasonable as outdoor air temperatures can lead to hypothermia in survivors, although this is not usually the direct clinical cause of death for those who are not rescued. A water temperature of 10 °C (50 °F) can lead to death in as little as one hour, and water temperatures near freezing can cause death in as little as 15 minutes.[33] A notable example of this occurred during the sinking of the Titanic, when most people who entered the −2 °C (28 °F) water died within 15–30 minutes.[34]

The actual cause of death in cold water is usually the bodily reactions to heat loss and to freezing water, rather than hypothermia (loss of core temperature) itself. For example, plunged into freezing seas, around 20% of victims die within 2 minutes from cold shock, (uncontrolled rapid breathing, and gasping, causing water inhalation, massive increase in blood pressure and cardiac strain leading to cardiac arrest, and panic); another 50% die within 15–30 minutes from cold incapacitation (inability to use or control limbs and hands for swimming or gripping, as the body "protectively" shuts down the peripheral muscles of the limbs to protect its core),[35] and exhaustion and unconsciousness cause drowning, claiming the rest within a similar time.[33]

[莫德尔]

很受教育，那天大朴真的是命大福大啊。那天水温才13度左右。

我大学游冬泳的，在0度的水温下我可以游200米。大部人人可以在-2度的水温下呆15-30分钟。10度的水温下呆1小时。详细的请阅读下边（摘自wiki: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothermia）：

Water immersion
Hypothermia continues to be a major limitation to swimming or diving in cold water.[14] The reduction in finger dexterity due to pain or numbness decreases general safety and work capacity, which consequently increases the risk of other injuries.[14][16]

Other factors predisposing to immersion hypothermia include dehydration, inadequate rewarming between repetitive dives, starting a dive while wearing cold, wet dry suit undergarments, sweating with work, inadequate thermal insulation (for example, thin dry suit undergarment), and poor physical conditioning.[14]

Heat is lost much more quickly in water[14] than in air. Thus, water temperatures that would be quite reasonable as outdoor air temperatures can lead to hypothermia in survivors, although this is not usually the direct clinical cause of death for those who are not rescued. A water temperature of 10 °C (50 °F) can lead to death in as little as one hour, and water temperatures near freezing can cause death in as little as 15 minutes.[33] A notable example of this occurred during the sinking of the Titanic, when most people who entered the −2 °C (28 °F) water died within 15–30 minutes.[34]

The actual cause of death in cold water is usually the bodily reactions to heat loss and to freezing water, rather than hypothermia (loss of core temperature) itself. For example, plunged into freezing seas, around 20% of victims die within 2 minutes from cold shock, (uncontrolled rapid breathing, and gasping, causing water inhalation, massive increase in blood pressure and cardiac strain leading to cardiac arrest, and panic); another 50% die within 15–30 minutes from cold incapacitation (inability to use or control limbs and hands for swimming or gripping, as the body "protectively" shuts down the peripheral muscles of the limbs to protect its core),[35] and exhaustion and unconsciousness cause drowning, claiming the rest within a similar time.[33]

对你这样的，尤其是主动的行为，是一种健身。而被动的落水和绝大多数没有此类运动经历的，就是灾难。